Hypnotism Blog Updates

Inhibition through suggestion is even more interesting, from the scientific point of view, than excitation through suggestion. Though the mechanism of the phenomenon is not yet completely understood, it has been interpreted in at least four different ways, every one of which may be true, in full or in part. The depression of bodily functions can be, first of all, achieved by the counter-action of two impulses, at points of neural junction, whereby one impulse interferes with and as it were cancels another . According to McDougall's "drainage theory," inhibition means "a switching off of the current of energy," in the way light is switched off in an electric bulb. E. D. Adrian and his followers see the cause of interference in "overcrowding." They contend that "if nerve impulses crowd on one another's heels in too rapid succession, all are extinguished." Finally, inhibition may be attained by the action of chemical substances liberated within the organism. Recent studies of Drs. Cannon and Rosenblueth seem to indicate the existence of a substance named "sympathin" which plays an important role in the transmission and mediation of nerve impulses arising in, or dependent upon, the autonomic system. Whether or not it contains acetyl choline, a substance stimulating the parasympathetic fibres, remains to be seen.

Hypnosis Suggestions Daily

As a matter of fact, we have established in preceding pages that the phenomena of hypnosis and hysteria as well as those studied by psychoanalysis, different as they all appear to be, have this in common: they all are largely rooted in activities of the autonomic nervous system. This system is primarily reflexive, controlling and regulating the bodily functions which require no cooperation of consciousness or intellect; yet it is not fully involuntary, as it is continually, almost constantly, influenced by two related types of experience, namely, by emotion and by suggestion. Clearly, McDougall's case can easily be accounted for as a result of inhibition, established and removed by means of verbal suggestion.

Hypnotism Blog Bulletin

As to positive results attained in the course of my studies, the following summary is offered for consideration:

1. Hence, the proper scientific attitude is to seek the explanation and control of hypnosis.
2. Such study has two important aspects: the psy-chological aspect and the physiological
   one.
3. On the psychological side, hypnosis consists inarousing ideas, images and emotions by means of suggestion.
4. In fact, hypnosis invariably implies suggestion and its human source, a hypnotist.
5. For its effectiveness, suggestion depends on the intensity of a prestige-and-faith relationship established between the practician and his subject.
6. The use of suggestion is not new, of course, in influencing people's minds and in curing their maladies, particularly hysteria: it was commonly employed by faith-healers and their modern successors.

Hypnosis Scoops Daily

The phenomenon of stage-fright affects not only actors; it is familiar in many walks of life. I recall my first experience in public lecturing. It was during my first or second year of graduate work at the University Even here hypnosis is not without value, as demonstrated by D. M. Allan's experiments on 60 college students. A large club of society women asked my department to send them a speaker. For some reason I was chosen. There was enough time for preparing the lecture, and I spent a great many hours in selecting and arranging material for it. Finally, the day has arrived, and I was ready and on time. The chairman asked me to say a few words about my experiences abroad, and then added a few flattering words of introduction. But once I faced the audience, I forgot all about the chairman's suggestion and went immediately on with my lecture, just as it had been prepared. I did not see anything, I did not hear anything, I was just rattling on with my speech-until the lecture was over. The ladies were quite encouraging in their applause. But I must have been, I know, a rather amusing sight. Was my experience exceptional? Certainly not.

Hypnotherapy Daily Bulletin

The typical progress of improvement using hypnosis in a case of nail-biting is described in the following report written by a subject of mine, S. K., who received but one treatment :

Wednesday, November 8, 1933.
"The first few hours after the experiment were not out of the ordinary. I did not try to bite my nails, but I believe this was more from will power than anything else, because my mind was constantly on my nails."

Thursday, November 9, 1933.
"The experiment seems to be working with quite a good deal of efficiency. I filed my nails, and rounded them off. My mind was not on my nails, and only once, when I saw an uneven curve, did I feel like biting it to round it off. However, I used the file."

Friday, November 10, 1933.
"Nothing unusual. I do not recall thinking of nails during the day, nor have I any recollection of trying to bite them."

Saturday, November 11,1933.
"I was asked how my nails were since the experiment. I looked at them, and found that they looked better than at any time for the past four or five years. Still have no desire to bite them, even to round them off. I just recalled that I used to bite them when I was excited over something, and that since Wednesday I have been excited over several things, and did not try to bite the nails."

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Hypnosis Daily Scoops

It is only fair to acknowledge, in this connection, that the above observations and experiments, conducted by individual physicians, cannot be regarded as the final word of investigation. Opinions differ, in fact, on the subject. Let me quote, for instance, from a recent statement issued by Dr. M. Fishbein, editor of the American Medical Association Journal: "Hypnotism has been used repeatedly for many years in an endeavor to alleviate the pains of childbirth but has not been found successful except in the case of hysterical individuals who have been repeatedly hypnotized and are therefore especially amenable to the power of suggestion." This, too, represents but a partisan belief. We must await experiments on a larger scale, capable of providing decisive evidence as to whether hypnosis can, indeed, help to combine the painlessness of "twilight sleep" and the flexible obedience to the physician's orders. In my mind there remains no doubt that it can. But we shall not have to wait long, perhaps, until this question is decided, one way or another. A big experiment, I hear, is being conducted in Soviet Russia, and one of these days prospective mothers may get glad news.

Hypnotic Suggestion Daily

It may be interesting to quote the description of one such operation performed by Esdaile's colleague, Dr. Webb, who spoke before the Medical College of Calcutta in these words: "I cannot recall without astonishment the extirpation of a cancerous eye, while the mart looked at me unflinchingly with the other one. In another case, the patient looked dreamily on with half-closed eyes the whole time of the operation, even while I examined the nature of the malignant tumor I had removed, and then, having satisfied myself, concluded the operation."Hypnotic suggestion penetrated considerably slower the field of therapeutic medicine. Yet here its influence was more lasting, it seems. In the course of the last thirty or forty years, ample evidence has been accumulated to show that hypnosis can be successfully used in the treatment of many diseases, especially when they are rooted in neurotic disorders and complexes. The older evidence was carefully collected and discussed in detail in two books of the same title, Hypnotism, by A. Moll and J. M. Bramwell, but much additional material can be found in various scientific journals of recent date. Finally, the latest scientific findings were compiled and briefly discussed by H. F. Dunbar, in her Emotions and Bodily Changes.

Hypnotizm Daily News

So I proceeded to develop a state in which the subject's mind is instructed to remember, to think, to criticize, in short, to be free and active; while the body persists in the inhibited state, with an open channel connecting consciousness and the autonomic nervous system. The procedure aimed simply to utilize every advantage of the trance and to remove its common disadvantages.The resulting form of light hypnosis I called oneirosis, to indicate its kinship to somnolence and slumber ("oneiros" means dream in Greek), rather than to sleep ("hypnos," sleep) that often is an enduring dark emptiness, as far as memory and experience are concerned.

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The Hypnosis Suggestions Scoops

The reason for the erroneous generalization drawn by many authorities on the subject lies in the inadequacy of their information. The evidence they have collected has almost invariably been insufficient, and in their own experiments they have commonly sinned against the simplest laws of suggestion. If a hypnotized subject is instructed in a crude fashion, such as "Go to this house and steal the necklace that lies in the top drawer of a dresser, second room to the right," he surely will not obey, unless, perhaps, he is a habitual thief. For some unknown reason, hypnotists commonly assume that the tone of sharp command is the most effective method of securing a blind obedience of the subject. In this they are not fully wrong. Firmness is recommended, no doubt, yet orders are obeyed only when the atmosphere of willing cooperation or that of animal fear has already been established. Surely, the emotion of fear is not the standard means of scientific suggestion. The remaining way of willing cooperation is much more desirable as well as effective.

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Hypnosis Info Updates Blog

No more truth is found in the contention, often heard in popular discussions, that hypnosis undermines the will of the subject and, when the sittings are regularly repeated, makes him hypersuggestible, a slave, as it were, to the commands of the practician. This contention is merely a vicious superstition of long standing, with no facts available to confirm it. A careful study of effects has substantiated, contrariwise, the enlightened opinion of scientists, that hypnosis has no known psychological ill-effects on the subjects. "Far from making them hypersuggestible," says Dr. Erickson, "it was found necessary to deal very gingerly with them to keep from losing their cooperation and it was often felt that they developed a compensatory negativism toward the hypnotist to offset any increased suggestibility."

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In the State Daily Blog

Some hypnosis experiments and treatments, as in the above instance, do not require the subject to produce any movements at all. He remains sitting in the chair, seemingly passive, with his eyes shut. Other cases call for various motions. Muscular inhibition, it seems, can be created or abolished practically at will; the practician's suggestion suffices to paralyze or to stimulate a muscle.

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The Hypnotic State Info Update

The beginner should not be impatient. He must be prepared to wait ten, fifteen, or more minutes before his subject enters the trance. Nor should he relieve the feeling of uncertainty by challenging his subject, "You cannot open your eyes. No matter how hard you try it, you cannot." Especially bad is to add contradiction to mistake, by persisting, "Well, try it " As a matter of fact, if the assertion is made before the subject is really in the state, he usually does open his eyes. As a result, the practician's prestige may be lowered, and the chances for success seriously diminished. I am, therefore, more than in agreement with Professor McDougall who remarked, "Challenge to movement in this early stage is a doubtful policy. If the suggestion fails, the failure is prejudicial, though not necessarily fatal, to the success of further suggestion."

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Hypnosis Daily Info Blog

There is usually no serious reason for objecting to the presence of the subject's friends during a sitting. Quite the contrary, they often help to keep the patient's mind at ease. There are, in fact, persons (quite numerous, too) who feel a vague but strong apprehension that something might happen to them in the state of hypnotic "sleep." They commonly ask permission to bring a friend along, which request should be granted without hesitation. It happens occasionally that such visitors fall into a trance themselves, with no previous intention to be so influenced. This happens so frequently, in fact, that one concludes that the spectacle of hypnosis acts contagiously. For this reason, group sittings are generally quite successful, and the number of subjects, all hypnotized at once, is small handicap. These group sittings, however, should never be transformed into public demonstrations, unless there exists a special scientific purpose therefore. I shall describe, to begin with, a simple method which I found quite practicable and convenient, and then, if the reader wishes to modify it or to select some other technique successfully used by some authority in the field, he is welcome and free to do so. He knows best the circumstances under which he intends to work.

Hypnotism Helpful Hints News

I find myself in fairly close agreement with Pavlov, in so far as he recognized the neural origin of hypnosis and the vital role of inhibition in its inward and outward manifestations. However, neither Pavlov nor his predecessors have apparently noticed the important fact-or thought important to emphasize it-that the control and regulation of inhibition involved in hypnosis, and probably also in sleep, resides primarily in the autonomic nervous system and finds its expression, only as an effect, in the cortex of the brain, which is the seat of consciousness. As far as sleep is concerned, its lasting nature, with drowsiness commonly preceding and following it, seems to indicate a neural inhibition accompanied with general metabolic changes. It is possible that the latter are due to the secretion of substances like hypothetical "hypnotoxin" of Piéron or, more likely, "sympathin" of Cannon and Rosenblueth. The quickness with which inhibition and excitation set in and vanish in a hypnotic state, demonstrates that the "The Identity of Inhibition with Sleep and Hypnosis," Scientific Monthly, changes constituting the bodily state of hypnosis are mainly of neural nature. Consequently, they can be introduced or removed with the speed of nervous conduction, that is to say, practically instantaneously.

Hypnosis News Today

There is, however, one important difference between hysteria and the hypnotic state, which accounts for the fact that people free from hysteria can nevertheless be hypnotized. Hysteria, namely, is a disease, a combination of pathological phenomena, indicating some defect of the system (glandular or neural), some unfortunate emotional experience in the patient's past (accident, love affair, bankruptcy, etc.), harmful influences of an unfriendly social environment (resulting in frustration and repression of basic urges, in unfavorable conditioned reflexes), or, most likely, some combination of these factors. All forms of hysteria, grave or mild, are symptoms of malady.

The hypnotic state, on the other hand, utilizes the normal mechanism of suggestion. A trance can be induced perhaps with greater ease among hysterics. Yet it is a mechanism found in all people, sick and healthy. Among normal people, to be sure, it does not manifest itself conspicuously, apart from hypnosis, and attracts one's attention no more than do the activities of one's liver or kidneys in a healthy condition. This mechanism is of great interest to the scientist, not only because it throws a new light on hysteria and, as we presently shall see, on psychoanalysis, Christian Science, and other forms of faith-healing, but also because a practical acquaintance with the physiology of suggestion opens countless other opportunities.

Hypnosis Helpful Hints Blog

I follow other authorities on the subject in distinguishing between hypnotism, as a body and field of knowledge, and hypnosis, as a phenomenon and state. One hundred and fifty years ago F. A. Mesmer (1733-1815), a Viennese physician, attempted to raise the art of suggestion to the level of practical science. But the flavor of magic was strong with him, just as it was strong with many of his successors. A believer in a causal connection between heavenly bodies and human lives, Mesmer revived the spirit of ancient astrology and taught that there exists "a fluid universally diffused, so continuous as not to admit of a vacuum, incomparably subtle, and naturally susceptible of receiving, propagating, and communicating all motor disturbances." This fluid, according to Mesmer, accounted for the phenomena of magnetism; but it acquired a particular significance in the human being who has two magnetic poles (!?). As a result, "animal magnetism" becomes a power that can be accumulated, concentrated and transferred.

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Hypnotism Daily

As interesting as the first part of the book "Theory" is, we feel that the part on "Practice" is still more absorbing. Dr. Winn, a professional hypnotist as well as a professor of psychology, has had much practical experience, and in his chapter "How To Hypnotize," he gives several advanced pointers that are usually ignored. The great importance of post-hypnotic suggestions, as yet not fully explored, is urged. (We feel that self-hypnosis, with regular "booster meetings" given by the hypnotist himself to the individual, is a rich and undeveloped field.)

Hypnotic State Update

On the occasion which he describes, the hypnosis operator commanded him to close his eyes and told him he could not open them, but he did open them at once. Again he told him to close the eyes, and at the same time he gently stroked his head and face and eyelids with his hand. Dr. Cocke fancied he felt a tingling sensation in his forehead and eyes, which he supposed came from the hand of the operator. (Afterward he came to believe that this sensation was purely imaginary on his part.)

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Hypnotism Script Daily Scoops

"He said I seemed to go into another room, and from thence into a dark closet. I wanted something off the shelf, but did not know what. I took down from the shelf a piece of smooth cloth, a long, square paste boardbox and a tin engine. These were all the sensations he had experienced. I asked him if he saw the articles with his eyes which I had removed from the shelf. He answered that the closet was dark and that he only felt them with his hands. I asked him how he knew that the engine was tin. He said: 'By the sound of it.' As my hands touched it I heard the wheels rattle. Now the only sound made by me while in the closet was simply the rattling of the wheels of the toy as I took it off the shelf. This could not possibly have been heard, as the hypnotized subject was distant from me two large rooms, and there were two closed doors between us, and the noise was very slight. Neither could the subject have judged where I went, as I had on light slippers which made no noise. The subject had never visited the house before, and naturally did not know the contents of the closet as he was carefully observed from the moment he entered the house."

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Hypnotize for a Cure Bulletin

The first case was that of a girl suffering from hysterical tremor. The doctor had hypnotized her for the cure of it, and accidentally stumbled on an example of thought transference. She complained on one occasion of a taste of spice in her mouth. As the doctor had been chewing some spice, he at once guessed that this might be telepathy. Nothing was said at the time, but the next time the girl was hypnotized, the doctor put a quinine tablet in his mouth. The girl at once asked for water, and said she had a very bitter taste in her mouth. The water was given her, and the doctor went behind a screen, where he put cayenne pepper in his mouth, severely burning himself. No one but the doctor knew of the experiment at the time. The girl immediately cried and became so hysterical that she had to be awakened. The burning in her mouth disappeared as soon as she came out of the hypnotic state, but the doctor continued to suffer. Nearly three hundred similar experiments with thirty-six different subjects were tried by Dr. Cocke, and of these sixty-nine were entirely successful. The others were doubtful or complete failures.

Hypnotizm Experiments Daily

In answer to this question, Professor William James of Harvard College, one of the leading authorities on the scientific aspects of psychical phenomena in this country, reports the following hypnotizm experiments:

"Make a stroke on a paper or blackboard, and tell the subject it is not there, and he will see nothing but the clean paper or board. Next, he not looking, surround the original stroke with other strokes exactly like it, and ask him what he sees. He will point out one by one the new strokes and omit the original one every time, no matter how numerous the next strokes may be, or in what order they are arranged. Similarly, if the original single line, to which he is blind, be doubled by a prism of sixteen degrees placed before one of his eyes (both being kept open), he will say that he now sees one stroke, and point in the direction in which lies the image seen through the prism."

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Hypnotism in Surgery Blog

"I made a transversal incision two and a half inches long and removed the tumor, which I took out whole. I then pinched the blood vessels witha pair of Dr. Pean's hemostatic pincers, washed the wound and applied a dressing, without making a single ligature. The patient was still hypnotized. To maintain the dressing in proper position, I fastened a bandage around his head. While going through the operation I said to the patient, 'Lower your head, raise your head, turn to the right, to the left,' etc., and he obeyed like an automaton. When everything was finished, I said to him, 'Now, wake up.'

"He then awoke, declared that he had felt nothing and did not suffer,and he went away on foot, as if nothing had been done to him.

"Five days after the dressing was removed and the cicatrix was found completely healed."

Hypnotism has been tried extensively for painless dentistry, but with many cases of failure, which got into the courts and thoroughly discredited the attempt except in very special cases.

Unskillful Provoking of Hypnotic Sleep Blog

There are on record a number of cases of idiocy, madness, and epilepsy caused by the unskillful provoking of hypnotic sleep. One case is sufficiently interesting, for it is almost exactly similar to a case that occurred at one of the American colleges. The subject was a young professor at a boys' school. "One evening he was present at some public experiments that were being performed in a tavern; he was in no way upset at the sight, but the next day one of his pupils, looking at him fixedly, sent him to sleep. The boys soon got into the habit of amusing themselves by sending him to sleep, and the unhappy professor had to leave the school, and place himself under the care of a doctor."

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Guided Relaxation Blog News

The facts in the case are probably those that might be indicated by a common-sense consideration of the conditions. If a person is weak-minded and susceptible to temptation, to theft, for instance, no doubt a familiar acquaintance of a similar character might hypnotize that person and cause him to commit the crime to which his moral nature is by no means averse.

If, on the other hand, the personality of the hypnotizer and the crime itself are repugnant to the hypnotic subject, he will absolutely refuse to do as he is bidden, even while in the deepest hypnotic sleep. On this point nearly all authorities agree.

Hypnotical Experiments Info

Dr. Luys is an often quoted authority on hypnotism in Paris, and is at the head of what is called the Charity Hospital school of hypnotical experiments. In 1892 he announced some startling results, in which some people still have faith (more or less). What he was supposed to accomplish was stated thus in the London Pall Mall Gazette, issue of December 2: "Dr. Luys then showed us how a similar artificial state of suffering could be created without suggestion--in fact, by the mere proximity of certain substances.

A pinch of coal dust, for example,corked and sealed in a small phial and placed by the side of the neck of a hypnotized person, produces symptoms of suffocation by smoke; a tube of distilled water, similarly placed, provokes signs of incipient hydrophobia; while another very simple concoction put in contact with the flesh brings on symptoms of suffocation by drowning."

The Cataleptic State News Blog

There is also something about the study of hypnotism, and similar subjects in which delusions constitute half the existence, that seems to destroy the faculty for distinguishing between truth and delusion.Undoubtedly we must look on such manifestations as a species of insanity.

There is also a point at which the unconscious deceiver, for the sake of gain, passes into the conscious deceiver. At the close of this chapter we will give some cases illustrating the fact that persons may learn by practice to do seemingly impossible things, such as holding themselves perfectly rigid (as in the cataleptic state) while their head rests on one chair and their heels on another, and a heavy person sits upon them.

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Hypnotherapy Daily blog

After this, however, the operator caused the doctor to do a number of things which he learned of from his friends after the performance was over. "It seemed to me that the hypnotist commanded me to awake as soon as I dropped my arm," and yet ten minutes of unconsciousness had passed.

The experiment was repeated on other subjects, in all cases with the same result. Only one knew that the music was the "Ride of Walkure." "To him it always expressed the pictured wild ride of the daughters of Wotan, the subject taking part in the ride." It was noticeable in each case that the same music played to them in the waking state produced no special impression. Here is incontestable evidence that in the hypnotic state the perception of the special senses is enormously heightened.

Hypnosis Hypnotherapy Daily News

Dr. Dumontpallier was able to produce a very curious phenomenon. He suggested to a female patient during hypnotism that with the right eye she could see a picture on a blank card. On awakening she could, indeed, see the picture with the right eye, but the left eye told her the card was blank. While she was in the somnambulistic state he told her in her right ear that the weather was very fine, and at the same time another person whispered in her left ear that it was raining.

On the right side of her face she had a smile, while the left angle of her lip dropped as if she were depressed by the thought of the rain. Again, he describes a dance and gay party in one ear, and another person mimics the barking of a dog in the other. One side of her face in that case wears an amused expression,while the other shows signs of alarm during the hypnotism.

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Anxiety and Phobia Workbook News Daily

The patient is seated near a table to be hypnotized, on which a magnet has been placed,the left elbow rests on the arm of the chair, the forearm and hand vertically upraised with thumb and index finger extended, while the other fingers remain half bent. On the right side the forearm and hand are stretched on the table, and the magnet is placed under a linen cloth at a distance of about two inches.

"After a couple of minutes into the hypnotism, the right index begins to tremble and rise up; on the left side the extended fingers bend down, and the hand remains limp for an instant. The right hand and forearm rise up and assume the primitive position of the left hand, which is now stretched out on the arm of the chair, with the wax enpliability that pertains to the cataleptic state."

Post-Hypnotic Suggestion Blog

This is an instance of what is called post-hypnotic suggestion. Dr.Cocke tells of suggesting to a drinker whom he was trying to cure of the habit that for the next three days anything he took would make him vomit; the result followed as suggested.

The same phenomena that was shown in unclasping the hands hypnotism, was next exhibited in commanding the subjects to rotate them. They immediately began and twirled them faster and faster, in spite of their efforts to stop. One of the subjects said he thought of nothing but the strange action of his hands, and sometimes it puzzled him to know why they whirled.

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Cured Through Hypnosis Bulletin

"' You are going to be cured through hypnosis; your digestion will be good, your sleep quiet, your cough will stop, your circulation will become free and regular; you are going to feel very strong and well, you will be able to walk about,' etc., etc. He hardly ever varies the speech. Thus he fires away at every kind of disease at once, leaving it to the client to find out his own. No doubt he gives some special directions, according to the disease the patient is suffering from, but general instructions are the chief thing.

"The same suggestions are repeated a great many times in hypnotism to the same person, and, strange to say, not withstanding the inevitable monotony of the speeches, and the uniformity of both style and voice, the master's tone is so ardent, so penetrating, so sympathetic, that I have never once listened to it without a feeling of intense admiration."

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Theories in hypnotism

When we pass on to human life, we have to theorize chiefly by analogy in hypnotism. (It must not be forgotten, however, that the existence of the ether and many assumed facts in science are only theories which have come to be generally adopted because they explain phenomena of all kinds better than any other theories which have been offered.)

Now, in hypnotism, as in physical science, any one who can get, or has by nature, the key-note of another nature, has a tremendous power over that other nature. The following story illustrates what this power is in the physical world. While we cannot vouch for the exact truth of the detailsof the story, there can be no doubt of the accuracy of the principle on which it is based.

Hypnotic States Blog

Fascination, as it is called, is one of the hypnotic states. The operator fixes his eyes on those of the subject. Holding his attention for a few minutes, the operator begins to walk backward; the subject follows.

The operator raises the arm; the subject does likewise.Briefly, the subject will imitate any movement of the hypnotist, or will obey any suggestion made by word, look or gesture, suggested by the one with whom he is en rapport.

People can be hypnotized

In short, M. Charcot places hypnotism in the same category of nervous affections in which hysteria and finally hallucination (medically considered) are to be classed, that is to say, as a nervous weakness, not to say a disease.

According to this theory, a person whose nervous system is perfectly healthy could not be hypnotized. So many people can be hypnotized because nearly all the world is more or less insane, as a certain great writer has observed.

hypnosis training books

Before doing so, however, it would be well to state concisely just whatseems to happen in a case of hypnotism.

The word hypnotism means sleep,and the definition of hypnotism implies artificially produced sleep.

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sleep hypnosis

It may be stated that most English and American operators fail to see any distinction between magnetism and hypnotism, and suppose that the effect of passes, etc., as used by Mesmer, is in its way as much physical as the method of producing hypnotism by concentrating the gaze of the subject on a bright object, or the like.

Braid had discovered a new science--as far as the theoretical view of it was concerned--for he showed that hypnotism is largely, if not purely,mechanical and physical.

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Hysterical women and nervous young boys, many of them from the highest ranks of Society, flocked around this wonderful wizard, and incidentally he made a great deal of money. There is little doubt that he started out as a genuine and sincere student of the scientific character of the new power he had indeed discovered; there is also no doubt that he ultimately became little more than a charlatan. There was, of course, no virtue in his "prepared" rods, nor in his hypnotic tubs.

At the same time the belief of the people that there was virtue in them was one of the chief means by which he was able to induce hypnotism, as we shall see later. Faith, imagination, and willingness to be hypnotized on the part of the subject are all indispensable to entire success in the practice of this strange art.

Explanation of hypnotism

CHAPTER XI--A scientific explanation of hypnotism--Dr. Hart's theory

for more news CHAPTER XII--Telepathy and Clairvoyance--Peculiar power in hypnotic state--Experiments--"Phantasms of the living" explained by telepathy.

Frauds of public hypnotic entertainments.

CHAPTER I--How to Hypnotize--Dr. Cocke's method-Dr. Flint's method--TheFrench method at Paris--At Nancy--The Hindoo silent method--How to wake a subject from hypnotic sleep--Frauds of public hypnotic entertainments.

go to Frauds of public hypnotic entertainments.